FDM 3D printing is a technology that uses a thermoplastic filament to create three-dimensional objects layer by layer. FDM stands for fused deposition modeling, and it is also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF). FDM is one of the most popular and widely used methods of 3D printing, as it is easy to use, affordable, versatile, and reliable.
FDM 3D printing works by feeding a spool of filament through a heated nozzle that melts the material and deposits it on a build platform. The nozzle moves along the X, Y, and Z axes according to the digital design file that is uploaded to the printer. The melted material cools and solidifies as it is extruded, forming the shape of the object. To fill an area, multiple passes are required, similar to coloring in a shape with a marker. The printer repeats this process for each layer until the object is completed.
FDM 3D printing can use a variety of materials, such as ABS, PLA, PETG, and PEI, which have different properties and applications. FDM 3D printing is suitable for rapid prototyping, functional testing, low-volume production, and hobby projects. FDM 3D printing can produce parts with complex geometries, hollow structures, and internal features that are difficult or impossible to achieve with other methods. However, FDM 3D printing also has some limitations, such as lower resolution, accuracy, and strength compared to other technologies, as well as the need for support structures and post-processing in some cases.
There are two main types of FDM 3D printers: desktop and industrial. Desktop FDM 3D printers are smaller, cheaper, and more accessible, but they have lower quality, speed, and reliability than industrial FDM 3D printers. Industrial FDM 3D printers are larger, more expensive, and more advanced, but they offer higher performance, durability, and functionality than desktop FDM 3D printers. Industrial FDM 3D printers can also use more specialized materials, such as high-temperature, high-strength, and biocompatible polymers.